Cardiac output is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by the heart in a minute. It is an important indicator of cardiovascular function and is typically measured in liters per minute. Cardiac output can be affected by various factors, such as heart rate, stroke volume, and overall cardiac function. Monitoring cardiac output is crucial in diagnosing and managing heart conditions, as well as assessing the effectiveness of treatments such as medications or interventions. Researchers in this area may study the mechanisms underlying cardiac output regulation, develop new methods for measuring cardiac output, or investigate how changes in cardiac output impact overall health and disease outcomes.